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 APPLIED...............30
 applied . It has been suggested that a fourfold test would in some cases be more appropriate, a 144
subsequently  applied  the test established in Simon: 158
other, the other pertinent tests must still be  applied  before a final determination of status is 182
installers, the Appellant would be out of business). As thus  applied , this can never be a fair 244
The Court said that the integration test should always be  applied  from the workers point of 248
even if it were  applied  correctly, it would be conclusive in only some cases. The best test for 252
A quick look at the way federal courts subsequently  applied  the decision in Wiebe Door 258
The Federal Court of Appeal  applied  a single fourfold test and also considered the integration 260
his income. The Court  applied  the four-in-one test. The fact that he was a director of the 274
the Wiebe Door Services Ltd. test had been incorrectly  applied . The Court wrote:292
The Court went on to analyse chance of profit and risk of loss and  applied  the integration test 306
It should be noted, however, that when the Court  applied  the integration test, it analysed it from 314
others, was not used in Wiebe Door Services Ltd. It was, however,  applied  by the 374
determining a workers status. However, the test was apparently not  applied , as the Court 378
been  applied , the nature of the relationship is still uncertain, the last test integration must be 452
then  applied  the fourfold test and the economic factor in order to distinguish between employees 578
principles and concepts in force in the province at the time the enactment is being  applied . 1148
college and part time in others was an employee or self-employed. The Board also  applied  four 1166
It is clear from the cases referred to above that the subordination test is not  applied  the way it 1202
to be  applied  in decisions where the source of the dispute is located in Quebec.1230
We have  applied  the various tests generally invoked in jurisprudence in determining the 1292
meticulously  applied  the rules of civil law in order to determine the status of workers working in 1304
Those tests have not been  applied  consistently, however. The integration test, for example, 1436
when properly  applied , complements the economic reality test. Despite the fact that the test 1438
was improperly  applied  at the beginning, the decision in Wiebe Door Services Ltd helped 1438
control test is  applied  more stringently in Quebec because of article CCQ. In his view, 1458
adequately  applied  and tends to be tailored to the situation. 1570
Integration is a secondary test and can be  applied  in cases where some elements of control are 1960
fundamental test to be  applied  is this: Is the person who has engaged himself to perform these 2012
to the judge, none of the tests  applied . 2400
 
 APPLIES...............3
the importance of revitalizing the private law regime, which  applies  to many contracts and is the 644
method  applies , special rules must be met, particularly with regard to valuation of work in 952
Pay Equity Act  applies  to a considerable number of situations and that in many cases a worker 1058
 
 APPLY.................15
occasion been difficult to  apply . 350
do not all  apply  to every situation. The Court did not consider ownership of tools in that case 360
employee and worker depending on the area in which they  apply . There may be 694
the legislator and to any collective agreement that may  apply . The notion of remuneration or 722
There are basically fives types of expenses which may  apply  to workers and which may, 830
between employee and self-employed. The ITA refers to rules that  apply  to employees but 932
general rules governing the law of obligations  apply . 1038
should analyse the way the courts  apply  those concepts, particularly when the source of the 1130
exception. Whenever a federal statute that is to  apply  in Quebec uses a private-law concept 1134
terms, and when the courts have to  apply  the concepts in a case involving the determination of a 1140
the control test does not  apply . Especially when control of the independent contractor's work is 1216
the purpose of the contract, a test might actually not  apply  at all. 1302
subordination, the Court concluded that the four tests did not  apply  to the managers, who were 1326
this matter. The state of tax law is relatively stable, and the courts seem to  apply  the rule 1534
on its own. He decided to  apply  the fourfold test, which struck him as far better suited to the 1588
 
 APPLYING..............7
. COURTS  APPLYING  FEDERAL TAX LAWS 36
. COURTS  APPLYING  QUEBEC TAX LAWS 38
encountered in  applying  the established principles. The aim of this analysis is to shed light on the 78
 applying  those parts. 238
upheld the ruling by the Tax Court of Canada, after  applying  Wiebe Door Services Ltd. 326
. COURTS  APPLYING  FEDERAL TAX LAWS 1154
. COURTS  APPLYING  QUEBEC TAX LAWS 1270
 
 APPRAISER.............1
was also an accredited  appraiser . For the years from to , the minister had refused to 1188
 
 APPRENTICE............1
employee means any  apprentice , unskilled labourer or workman, skilled workman, 710
 
 APPRENTICESHIP........6
contract of employment or of  apprenticeship , except . . . 714
a contract of employment or a contract of  apprenticeship , even without remuneration, carries 716
service or  apprenticeship , written or oral, whether the earnings of the employed person are 850
an express or implied contract of service or  apprenticeship , and includes the tenure of an 864
express or implied contract of service or  apprenticeship , written or oral, whether the earnings of 1478
service or  apprenticeship , and includes the tenure of an office. 1512
 
 APPROACH..............6
operations of the applicant. This is now the preferable and proper  approach  for the very good 264
In Standing, the Federal Court of Appeal also confirmed the  approach  used in Wiebe 276
subordinate to an analysis of all the facts surrounding the relationship. This  approach  of 344
supervise the work generally, but could also control the method and  approach , as well as the 544
law. But is that  approach  justified? 1278
independent contractor, I agree with MacGuigan J.A. that a persuasive  approach  to the issue is 1728
 
 APPROPRIATE...........9
applied. It has been suggested that a fourfold test would in some cases be more  appropriate , a 144
 appropriate . 234
end their fiscal period on any date they deem  appropriate , whereas an employees tax year runs 936
However, it is neither justifiable nor  appropriate  for the ITA to lay out one system for Quebec 1556
as any other Canadian, it seems  appropriate  to take the analysis a step farther and consider 1572
reasoning is less  appropriate  because of changes in the social context and depersonalization of 1614
We believe, based on our analysis, that the subordination test is  appropriate  in matters of civil 1636
It would be  appropriate  at this juncture to refer once again to the definitions of employee and 1654
We earlier put forward the idea that the subordination test is probably not  appropriate  or 1708
 
 APPROVAL..............1
damages caused by worker, and  approval  of forms and contracts. 2190
 
 APRIL-JUNE............2
problématique, ( April-June  ), Tome , No R. du B. -. 1880
problématique, ( April-June  ), Vol. , No. R. du B. , and . 2316
 
 ARCHAIC...............1
 archaic . 606
 
 ARCHAMBAULT...........4
Pierre  ARCHAMBAULT , Employé et travailleur autonome : Distinction juridique et le 1868
Pierre  Archambault , Employé et travailleur autonome : Distinction juridique et le 2352
Montreal v. Montreal Locomotive Works Ltd., supra, note , and Pierre  Archambault , 2426
P.  Archambault , supra, note , J.-P. Beauregard, supra, note . 2430
 
 AREA..................5
agreement with the conservatory for the Metropolitan Toronto  area . Outside Metropolitan 286
that was better suited to needs in that  area . The provisions of the CCLC became obsolete in 642
employee and worker depending on the  area  in which they apply. There may be 694
The case law in the  area  of taxation has developed many tests in addition to the control test. 1436
distinction. The ITA could become the reference tool in this  area  if a specific reference to the 1502
 
 AREAS.................3
jurisprudence have subsequently drawn heavily on those two  areas . It is clear from the case law 104
Because of changes in the world of business and the fact that in many  areas  control had given 116
sales in specific geographic  areas . The Court had been asked to determine whether the 1306
 
 ARGUED................2
receive a set amount each week for a period of three months. The taxpayer  argued  that his 324
note , was  argued  but not taken up by the judge in his reasons for decision.2410

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