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 ALLOWS..............................3
This determination is significant because it  allows  one to compare the status of a beneficiary of a 122
judicial interpretation which  allows  for the implementation of this legislative intent. 1164
appointment as one that  allows  the holder of the power to appoint to the decedent, his estate, 1378
 
 ALTER...............................2
creating a discretionary trust. As such, we will  alter  the example for the Québec context. 490
or her spouse, a spousal trust, an  alter  ego trust or a joint spousal trust. New subsection 1290
 
 ALTERNATIVE.........................3
expression does not result in a change in beneficial ownership. An  alternative  approach might 1356
the transfer. A viable  alternative  to the no change in beneficial ownership concept in 1412
 alternative  language could be employed if there is any doubt as to its application in that context.1556
 
 ALTERNATIVELY.......................4
 Alternatively , if there is any doubt or inconsistency as to what constitutes a general power of 1374
 alternatively , too much tax may be assessed as the trust and the settlor may have different 1466
 Alternatively , instead of repeating the requirement established by subparagraph (.)(b)(ii) 1598
 Alternatively , subsection () could be amended to provide that property is surrendered 1628
 
 AMBIGUITY...........................1
words into the Act in order to cure an  ambiguity , but rather to introduce a new section to 692
 
 AMBIGUOUS...........................1
In addition, as illustrated earlier, the wording of subparagraph ()(f)(iii) leaves  ambiguous  1094
 
 AMBIT...............................7
 ambit  of this provision. As such, subsection () removes the first analytical hurdle, namely, 248
beneficially owned by the person. Arguably, the settlor of a self-benefit trust is within the  ambit  356
applies, the discretionary beneficiaries would be within its  ambit , would be deemed 506
version does not govern, the discretionary beneficiaries may be excluded from its  ambit , with the 516
subparagraph ()(f)(iii). If they are within the  ambit  of subparagraph ()(f)(iii), Xs 938
the types of beneficiaries that are intended to be within its  ambit . The nature of the right that a 1094
()(a). In the authors view, the  ambit  of subsection () is so far reaching that the 1520
 
 AMENDED.............................11
provinces will illustrate that the ITA need be  amended  to ensure or promote consistent 106
It was  amended  in the Technical Bill to provide the following: 1296
appointment. Subparagraph (.)(b)(ii) was  amended  to require that the transfer of 1342
In addition to the foregoing, subsection (.) could be  amended  as follows: 1380
also need to be  amended  to remove any reference to the phrase does not result in a change in 1386
Section .() would also be  amended  as follows: 1502
Other provisions relating to trusts may similarly be  amended . Paragraph ()(a.) was 1576
and paragraph .()(e), paragraph ()(a.) could be  amended  in such a way so as to 1598
make explicit reference to that subparagraph and paragraph (as  amended  in accordance with 1600
Alternatively, subsection () could be  amended  to provide that property is surrendered 1628
R.S.C. (th Supp.) c., as  amended  (the ITA). Unless otherwise 1700
 
 AMENDMENT...........................7
One of the purposes of the  amendment  to subparagraph (.)(b)(ii) to add the requirement 1300
 amendment  to paragraph (.)(a) to include only the right of an appointee pursuant to a 1360
This proposed  amendment  to paragraph (.)(a) would also be applicable for purposes of 1384
Another purpose of the  amendment  to subparagraph (.)(b)(ii) to provide the requirement 1390
Prior to the  amendment , the following scenario could have arisen. An individual, X, owns 1394
suggested  amendment  would not, as a practical matter, give rise to abuse. 1520
is contrary to its terms. The suggested  amendment  would, however, appear to extend to 1554
 
 AMENDMENTS..........................3
accompany the  amendments  to the definition of cost amount. 1462
 Amendments  to paragraph .()(a) and subsection .() would be required in order to 1492
These suggested  amendments  might also be used in the context of subsection .().1636
 
 ANALOGIZED..........................1
ownership can be precisely  analogized  to the common law concept of beneficial ownership.58
 
 ANALYSED............................1
or the trust. Having  analysed  the change in beneficial ownership question, one must now 522
 
 ANALYSIS............................13
property will enable or facilitate the  analysis  and determination of whether and in what 130
Waters undertakes a detailed  analysis  of the jurisprudence that addresses the nature of 166
 analysis . That analysis, maintains Waters, will look to the facts of the particular case with a view 172
analysis. That  analysis , maintains Waters, will look to the facts of the particular case with a view 172
requirement that for property to be beneficially owned by a beneficiary, a factual  analysis  must 236
involves a two-stage  analysis . The first stage involves characterizing the nature of the rights of 378
 analysis  involves characterizing the rights of the beneficiary and the second stage involves an 384
dans une fiducie to be the beneficial owner of the property. Based on this  analysis , in relation 416
 analysis  is intended to highlight some of the issues that can arise when applying certain 718
upon delivery of the goods. The  analysis  involved a determination of whether the taxpayer 1178
I have undertaken this  analysis  of the leasing contract at the time because it indicates the 1216
Our  analysis  of the ITA reveals that the use of the concept of beneficial ownership can be 1274
An  analysis  of the ITA reveals that the concept of change in beneficial ownership is intended 1528
 
 ANALYTICAL..........................11
ambit of this provision. As such, subsection () removes the first  analytical  hurdle, namely, 248
beneficial ownership. There are two  analytical  approaches to determining whether there has 256
If either  analytical  approach leads to a determination that there has been a change in beneficial 258
The first  analytical  approach looks to whether persons who were not beneficial owners of the 260
The second  analytical  approach to the question of whether there has been a change in the 268
no  analytical  framework in the civil law from which an argument either for or against can be 346
To compensate for this absence of any  analytical  framework, and to lend meaning to the 348
 analytical  framework exists to justify the treatment of the beneficiary of certain trusts as a 730
beneficial owner of the trust assets. Admittedly, the application of this  analytical  framework is 732
appropriate  analytical  approach to take, but no criteria for determining the existence of such a 1090
It is acknowledged that the  analytical  hurdle may not be entirely avoided because 1738
 
 ANALYZE.............................2
In Wardean Drilling and Olympia, the Courts had to  analyze  the word disposition and in 1166
incumbent upon civilians to  analyze  the question from a common law perspective, an approach 1266
 
 ANALYZED............................1
The application of Québec civil law to the facts  analyzed  in the Olympia and Wardean Drilling 1188
 
 ANALYZING...........................3
framework for  analyzing  same. 120
beneficial owner status approach). In  analyzing  whether there has been a change in beneficial 262
those afforded discretionary beneficiaries as a class and this leads to confusion when  analyzing  458
 
 ANNUITANT...........................2
to a trust (the transferee) governed by an RRSP or an RRIF, the  annuitant  of the plan or fund 1512
that governs the transferor is also the  annuitant  of the plan or fund that governs the transferee1512
 
 ANOMALIES...........................1
different than under the common law. There are other situations where issues or  anomalies  are 548
 
 ANTI-...............................1
suggest that the notion of beneficiary or beneficial owner of a particular payment is an  anti- 600
 
 ANTI-ABUSE..........................1
countries, there is an abuse of the convention, and Switzerland may adopt  anti-abuse  measures 1010
 
 ANTI-AVOIDANCE......................1
and  anti-avoidance  rules. To benefit from the reduced rate provided by the treaty, the 948
 
 ANYONE..............................2
rights under the trust for  anyone  but the settlor. Subsequent to the Technical Bill, the 1332
Under a general power of appointment, the donee may appoint  anyone  in the 1752
 
 APPEAL..............................5
below, wherein the Federal Court of  Appeal  interpreted the ITA as overriding the civil law, 78
it is possible that the Federal Court of  Appeal  gave subsection () too broad a scope.1110
The Federal Court of  Appeal , in a - decision, found that the taxpayer had acquired the trucks 1132
 appeal , subsection () read as follows: 1144
This objective was recognized by the Federal Court of  Appeal  in R. v. 1704
 
 APPEARS.............................5
before relying on it completely to resolve the matter. In particular, the statement  appears  in a 568
by the person. This latter category  appears  to be intended to allow, through the interaction with 740
answer to both questions  appears  to be yes. Firstly, the trust referred to in subparagraph 766
owner of the trust property. This also  appears  to be the result intended by Parliament having 780
The use of the expression beneficial ownership in sections and .  appears  to be 1046
 
 APPLICABLE..........................5
described above, is  applicable  for tax purposes. 218
technical interpretation letter from the CCRA and is not stated to be expressly  applicable  in 570
 applicable  to dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a contracting state to a 954
beneficial owner of the trust property. If, in Québec, a deeming provision is  applicable , then 1080
This proposed amendment to paragraph (.)(a) would also be  applicable  for purposes of 1384

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