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 APPORTIONED.............1
problems when a second child is born. How can the direct payments be  apportioned ? By 1862
 
 APPORTIONING............2
should be made here between the two cases. In contrast to  apportioning  expenses between 1590
 Apportioning  expenses in this way will have to be respected by the tax authorities since, in 1614
 
 APPORTIONMENT...........8
regard if it contains clauses specifying how the  apportionment  is to be made. In the absence of 1582
sufficient indication, the  apportionment  is made equitably, taking into account the object of the 1582
At this point, it should be asked whether the  apportionment  provided for in the trust deed would 1586
establish the  apportionment  of profits as well as expenditures, we believe that a distinction 1588
apply to the  apportionment  of expenditures, according to the wording of articles and 1594
come far behind the trust deed in terms of respecting the  apportionment . 1598
possibility of relying on the trust deed for clarification regarding the  apportionment . Obviously, 1616
should make it clear that it will respect the predominance of the trust deed in the  apportionment  1630
 
 APPROACH................4
Before embarking on the technical study of these differences, we must indicate the  approach  68
constructive trust and resulting trust could have been avoided by using this  approach .1246
how the various dividends are to be characterized. This  approach  is not without interest. We 1656
This is the safest  approach  to take in order to avoid tax and legal problems. The trust deed will 1698
 
 APPROACHED..............1
confined to the civil law. Since, however, the process of characterization is  approached  1342
 
 APPROACHES..............2
The Department of Finance should clarify which  approaches  it intends to allow, taking into 712
offer rewarding  approaches . 2026
 
 APPROPRIATE.............11
a potential right of becoming a beneficiary. It would seem  appropriate  that the possibility of a 276
 appropriate  an unlimited power to himself. However, according to the Agency's 516
law, it would be  appropriate  to redefine these limits to make them more inclusive of the civil law. 772
clarify this important concept, use a uniform language when it is  appropriate  and clarify the 916
 appropriate  a Court may take into account the deprived person's actual financial 960
whether it is  appropriate  in a given case to invoke the remedy, the Supreme Court 976
of the British institutional notion of the trust as a cause of action in  appropriate  998
would help make the tax system more neutral as far as the choice of the most  appropriate  1184
 appropriate  context, the argument would consist in claiming that the interspousal transfer was 1208
agent), or that one has divided his own patrimony to  appropriate  it to a specific 1748
represents, it would be better to have one child per account and make the  appropriate  transfers 1944
 
 APPROPRIATED............1
into three separate portions, the capital and income from these portions will be  appropriated  to 844
 
 APPROPRIATELY...........1
 appropriately  remedied by a declaratory order vesting the claimant with title to property 966
 
 APRIL...................1
-,  April  , Tax Window Files, loc. cit., note. 2434
 
 ARBITRARILY.............1
caselaw when such a clause cannot be  arbitrarily  invoked and cannot have the effect of reducing 1328
 
 AREA....................4
This brings us far away from the subject  area  of trust, but we believe that it was necessary to 1272
provincial jurisdiction in this  area  since, for the sake of simplicity, the drafters of trust deeds will 1638
Trusts are still an  area  of expertise in Quebec. Oddly enough it is the tax professionals who have 2126
taken over this  area  of the law. In one sense this is fortunate because it means that only trusts 2128
 
 AREAS...................3
fact that the two  areas  of law are intrinsically related. That influence is one more reason why it is 170
 areas  are encountered when determining the nature of certain elements, the inclusion of such 1338
managed to demarcate the clauses needed to make up for the  areas  in the Act that are difficult 2130
 
 ARGUABLY................1
 Arguably , as soon as a person has a beneficiary right in the trust, he has the beneficial ownership 306
 
 ARGUE...................3
Faced with this array of solutions, it would be difficult to  argue  that this kind of trust cannot be 336
legitimate to  argue  the existence of the trust for the first time in the context of a tax case when it 1038
Before we can  argue  that the problem is real and that the situation can vary from province to 1370
 
 ARGUED..................9
a constructive trust is directly  argued  in a tax case and not in the context of a claim against the 946
such a constructive trust could be successfully  argued  in court, the tax consequences should be 950
case involving restitution. The taxpayer  argued  that a constructive trust was created by the sale 954
basis. Although it has been  argued  that the current position in Canada is that the 996
of a constructive trust, which was  argued  along with resulting trust. The judge held that it was 1038
Like the constructive trust and often in conjunction with it, resulting trust has been  argued  on a 1050
spouses, and the fact that sufficient consideration cannot be  argued  in the context of section 1166
rollover was not used. This solution was also  argued  to avoid the application of section 1236
the taxpayer  argued  that he held the beneficial ownership of a property so that he would not be 2394
 
 ARGUMENT................9
context, the  argument  that the tax authorities are a third person against whom this clause may 590
another  argument , having more or less the same effect, but this time all across Canada, to get 1206
appropriate context, the  argument  would consist in claiming that the interspousal transfer was 1208
consideration  argument  is quietly making inroads. We earlier proposed that this argument could 1230
consideration argument is quietly making inroads. We earlier proposed that this  argument  could 1230
We are still convinced that, if this  argument  was well planned and well documented, it 1246
In Barroso v. The Queen, where this  argument  was raised, Judge Dusseault indicated in 1254
However, use of this  argument , particularly in Quebec, is weakened by the Agency's position 1256
there can be  argument  among the beneficiaries to have their right to a particular element of 1542
 
 ARGUMENTS...............2
could open the door to  arguments  about the market value of the consideration. Needless to say, 1216
reaching this conclusion, the judge relied on  arguments  imported from the common law. In 1394
 
 ARISE...................7
of a right that may  arise  as a consequence of the law governing the intestacy of an individual or a 274
right that may  arise  as a consequence of the terms of the will or other testamentary instrument of 274
Here are the issues that  arise  in the civil law with regard to these different variants in the order in 342
with paragraph (.)(a) I.T.A., which among other things permits a right that may  arise  398
hand over the property or the end of the trust  arise  and not before. This was the view of the 598
solve two problems that  arise  in drafting and administering the trust: () the difficulty of 1502
We should mention that all these tax problems can also  arise  in common law since the cause of 1816
 
 ARISES..................7
When the difference in tax treatment between the two legal systems  arises  from features specific 148
A constructive trust (trust by interpretation)  arises  from the interpretation of a past situation by a 934
a resulting trust  arises  whenever legal or equitable title to property is in one party's 1044
capital in this context,  arises  from situations where the settlor does not want to limit himself 1332
distanced itself from that test  arises , as we noted above, from the fact that it offers no examples 1416
 arises  as to how the article C.C.Q. limitation should be expressed so that subsection 2226
the tax treatment that  arises  from that acceptance should be enough to give effect to it.2296
 
 ARISING.................9
. PROBLEMS  ARISING  FROM THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CIVIL CODE 6
the tax advantages or disadvantages  arising  from different rules from one jurisdiction to another. 130
. Problems  arising  from the interaction between the civil code and the new rules for 200
includes the following requirements  arising  from the necessity that there be no change in the 256
benefits  arising  from that right. 756
constructive trust  arising  from the misconduct of a person acting under a power of attorney. 1004
 Arising  from the same equitable principle and applying the same conditions for its 1118
I.T.A. in relation to the settlement of rights  arising  from their life in common.1166
 arising  from the benefits; and 1674
 
 AROSE...................1
under which one could benefit from this exception  arose  from administrative practice and were 1828
 
 ARRANGEMENT.............1
considered mere agency relationships, since the  arrangement  is often solely for the 2014
 
 ARRANGEMENTS............2
recognition of certain  arrangements  such as self-directed RRSPs. That raised some doubts in 78
trust, we shall presume the  arrangements  established for your grandchildren are not 1756
 
 ARRAY...................1
Faced with this  array  of solutions, it would be difficult to argue that this kind of trust cannot be 336
 
 ART.....................15
No mention of or reference to the application of  art . C.C.Q. 624
 Art . C.C.Q. 2178
du Québec, ) p. . Article C.C.L.C., the precursor of  art . C.C.Q., stated 2206
 Art . C.C.Q. and Book Three, Title Three, entitled: Legal devolution of 2276
In civil law, the acceptance may be tacit ( art . C.C.Q.) and the fact of claiming 2296
 Art . , C.C.Q. 2298
 Art . C.C.Q. 2298
 Art . C.C.Q providing that the beneficiary must not be deceased at the 2310
 Art . C.C.Q. He is in fact an administrator charged with full administration 2516
 Art . C.C.Q. 2518
included in this)  Art . C.C.Q. 2540
the donor the debtor of the donee, even if the delivery or transfer is made later.  Art . 2560
 Art . C.C.Q. 2562
A gift may be made with a charge.  Art . C.C.Q. 2562
 Art . C.C.Q. 2564

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